Contemporary Design Essay Example For Students

Contemporary Design Essay Contemporary structure is generally customer based. The planner normally centers around the introduction of thoughts and proclamations through the assortment as opposed to structuring for a particular event. Contemporary plan is progressively theoretical, on account of this I am going to focus on the ideas and symbolism related with the possibility of present day, cutting edge attire. As I consider this I should think about the customer. Planners nowadays depend on famous people, socialites and style symbols to advertise their garments. For instance, a lesser realized planner could shoot to notoriety should an A-rundown big name wear one of their manifestations to a gathering or head. As of late, style has seen numerous architects utilizing perceived big names as models in their catwalk appears, preferring them over experts, these famous people have the high open profile expected to increase genuinely necessary exposure. Some notable originators, for example, Alexander McQueen sight superstars as their dream behind their work. This is no new thought, spectacular ladies have consistently been alluring in the realm of style, as though their excellence is an extra in itself. Lately style has seen an adjustment in the perspectives towards excellence and show. Models have become less and less like the spectacular Hollywood film stars and everything eccentric have gotten alluring. It appears that individual blemishes are the main genuine singularity we have in the age where style has gotten available to everybody. Originators are less worried about the improvement of excellence and appear to plan to stun crowds with cutting edge manifestations as catwalk shows become less an assortment of garments and increasingly a bit of theater. Supported by McQueen ,Westwood and Hussein Chalayan these architects understand the significance of a catwalk appear as frequently their own mark manifestations are so extraordinary and reasonable this is the main way they will get perceived. Along these lines, even the most way out plans can pick up as much exposure as the more customary superstar style. The wow factor is terrifically significant in current plan. I need to make something that stands apart from the more regular attire so clearly I am not worried about the ordinary wear capacity of the piece of clothing. The general introduction of the idea is progressively critical to me. On account of this I am planning to have an opening in our school design appear one year from now. This will be as large a piece of my task as any, as it will ideally show my thoughts in situ. Now I am thinking about models to make my garments for, I am a solid adherent to dress being for the individual and the looks may be as compelling as the individuals who wear them. Here I have explored the job of the VIP in design. My subsequent stages will be to perceive how the cutting edge structures I am taking a gander at are watered down to be progressively open for high road stores.

Reading Strategies

Perusing Strategies Worksheet †¢ How would you as of now approach the week by week readings in the course? I approach the week by week readings with a great deal of vitality so when I read the material it remains new in my brain. I likewise prefer to accept notes as I read featuring the primary concerns in each section. I approach my readings as though it were my activity and pay attention to the data gave very. I take a gander at is as the devices to my exchange and to not completely fathom the content implies that I can’t completely achieve my objective of getting a degree. By what method may you consolidate three of the recommendations secured for this present week into your examination time? I could consolidate a portion of the recommendations given to me by seeing my content. This could help massively in light of the fact that it encourages you to get a perspective on what it is you are going to peruse and assists with perceiving things you definitely know. Another m ethodology is denoting my reading material. This can help by letting me reference my notes instead of read through the whole material over once more. One last system I could fuse is readings in time squares. This encourages me to concentrate more on what I am perusing with the goal that I can keep the data I increase new in my brain. †¢ How may this arrangement assist you with achieving your understanding objectives? This arrangement could assist me with achieving my perusing objectives by helping me to center and grasp more. Additionally by expanding my understanding level. This arrangement could assist me with being to a greater degree a cognizant peruser and not only one who understands material and doesn’t hold any of the data. This can likewise be useful by letting me skim over the content because of my note taking and mapping.

Painting and a trip into Boston

Painting and a trip into Boston Yesterday evening I came back from work to discover my friend Kim, a 5th East alum, primering the room into which Im supposed to be moving (which was her room when I was a frosh). The room should have not only been primered, but painted, a while ago, but I am a horrible and inexperienced painter and it wasnt going well and the more I realized that it was going badly, the more I found excuses not to paint, because I just didnt want to work on it. So Kim, who is a good painter, asked me if I wanted help, in exchange for helping take down whats left of the wallpaper in her new apartment and painting there. I, of course, agreed that this was a fantastic idea. And heres hoping that soon my room will be finished, and better quality than it would have been if Id done it without her help. My only previous experience with painting rooms was when I was a frosh, and my then-roommate Crystle and I painted our room together. It was right before term started. We painted all day, slept in the lounge so that we wouldnt be poisoned by paint fumes, and put all our furniture and stuff back in place the next day. We didnt know that if primer dries on the rollers, the covers will become hard as concrete and unremovable, so we ended up doing all the actual painting with only paintbrushes. I dont know how we pulled it off. This is what Crystles and my room looked like in January 04: If you are an incoming frosh or prospective student interested in painting your room, I know of four dorms that allow you to do so East Campus, Senior Haus, Random Hall and Bexley. Although my belief is that one should pick a living group based on whether one enjoys the culture, and not superficial factors, something like whether you can paint your room is one of those little quirks to look at. I had planned to go to the dinner mob of Nick Nim Martin 03, another 5th East alum who just moved to California and was back in town for the first time, but I was too late. So instead, I went with Kim to the Coolidge Corner Theater to watch a showing of episodes of the 1999 TV show Freaks and Geeks, and listen to a really funny speech by its creator, complete with readings from his new memoir about romance and dating, and an excerpt from what may turn into a new book. After Kim and I got back to campus, we went to Chicago Pizza, just a few blocks away, for dinner.

Understanding Cultural Materialism in Sociology

Cultural materialism is a theoretical framework and research method for examining the relationships between the physical and economic aspects of production. It also explores the values, beliefs, and worldviews that predominate society. The concept is rooted in Marxist theory  and popular in anthropology, sociology, and the field of cultural studies. History of Cultural Materialism The theoretical perspective and research methods of cultural materialism emerged in the late 1960s, developing more fully in the 1980s. Cultural materialism was first introduced and popularized in the field of anthropology via Marvin Harris 1968 book  The Rise of Anthropological Theory. In this work, Harris built on Marxs theory of base and superstructure to craft a theory of how culture and cultural products fit into the greater social system. He argued that technology, economic production, the built environment, etc. influences both the structure of society (social organization and relations) and the superstructure (the collection of ideas, values, beliefs, and worldviews). He asserted that one must take this whole system into account to understand why cultures differ from place to place and group to group as well as why products such as art and consumer goods are created in a given place and context for those who use them. Later, Welsh academic Raymond Williams further developed the theoretical paradigm and research method, helping to create the field of cultural studies in the 1980s. Embracing the political nature of Marxs theory and his critical focus on power and class structure, Williams cultural materialism took aim at how cultural products relate to a class-based system of domination and oppression. Williams devised his theory of cultural materialism using preexisting critiques of the relationship between culture and power, including the writings of Italian scholar Antonio Gramsci and the critical theory of the Frankfurt School. Williams asserted that culture itself is a productive process, meaning it gives rise to the intangibles, including ideas, assumptions, and social relations, that exist in societies. His theory of cultural materialism holds that culture is part of the larger process of how class systems are made and foster social inequity. Cultures play these roles through the promotion of widely held values, assumptions, and worldviews and the marginalization of those who do not fit the mainstream mold. Consider the way rap music has been vilified in the mainstream media or how the dance style known as twerking is deemed low-class while ballroom dancing is regarded as classy and refined. Scholars have expanded Williams theory of cultural materialism to include racial inequalities and their connection to culture. The concept has also been broadened to examine disparities related to gender, sexuality, and nationality, among others. Cultural Materialism as a Research Method By using cultural materialism as a research method, sociologists can produce a critical understanding of the values, beliefs, and worldviews of a period through close study of cultural products. They can also discern how these values connect to social structure, trends, and problems. To do so, they must consider the historical context in which a product was made, analyze its symbolism, and how the item fits within the greater social structure. Beyoncà ©s Formation video is a great example of how we can use cultural materialism to understand cultural products and society. When it debuted, many criticized its imagery, especially its shots of militarized police officers and protesters objecting to anti-black police violence. The video ends with the iconic image of  Beyoncà © atop a sinking New Orleans Police Department car. Some read this as insulting to police, and even as a threat to them, echoing a common mainstream critique of black music. Through the lens of cultural materialism, one sees the video in a different light. When considering centuries of systemic racism and inequality and the pandemic of police killings of black people, one instead sees Formation as a celebration of blackness in response to the hate, abuse, and violence routinely heaped upon African Americans. The video can also be seen as a valid and appropriate critique of police practices that desperately need to be changed if equality is to occur. Cultural materialism is an illuminating theory.

Why People Arent Talking About Need Help to Writing a Research Paper and What You Need to Do Today

Why People Aren't Talking About Need Help to Writing a Research Paper and What You Need to Do Today Need Help to Writing a Research Paper Secrets It's possible to always reach out to your writer to supply more particulars or request information concerning the order's progress. Ebook online dating can enable you to find superior advice. With an ever-increasing quantity of reviews being published each calendar year, and with everyone having to compose a literature review sooner or later during their time at university, it is crucial to comprehend what a literature review is and the way to write it. If you're struggling with presenting a commendable literature review, it is the right time to look for the very best dissertation writing service online that may help you out. The Characteristics of Need Help to Writing a Research Paper As you need about the info you'll be able to learn. Now there's a list of resources. 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What I hope to expect out of life in 10 years Free Essays

I the blink of an eye times passes so quickly and we are left wondering what happened where has the time gone, it fears us knowing how easily it is for life to change in the blink of an eye . I have reached the stage in my life that I just want happiness and good health for myself and my family†¦ Sometimes we don’t know what’s round the corner and life can so cruel. Thinking of life in ten years time can be scary I can think of two different paths; my dream path and my probably the path that will happen in the real world. We will write a custom essay sample on What I hope to expect out of life in 10 years or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 10 year time I will be a few months of 50 and that’s an achievement in itself. Hopefully in 10 years my diabetic health has stayed stable and my non cancerous tumour has remained non cancerous†¦.. Hopefully that time bomb within me hasn’t went off. Firstly my dream path for 10 years time would be that to have fast tracked education, college and uni and perhaps be doing my dream job in life and that would be working as a baby nurse, helping little sick babies, whilst also raring my 4 beautiful children, the two eldest ones imagine will have flown the nest, maybe I will be a grandmother, and that will be the most beautiful gift of all. Whilst my 2 younger boys I imagine and hope that they will be 2 handsome teenagers and I am sure bringing plenty of teenage worrie to my door. How to cite What I hope to expect out of life in 10 years, Essays

Watergate Essays (2595 words) - Watergate Scandal,

Watergate Watergate Scandal Introduction Watergate was the name of the biggest political scandal in United States history. It included various illegal activities constructed to help President Richard Nixon win reelection in the 1972 presidential elections. Watergate included burglary, wire tapping, violations of campaign financing laws, and sabotage and attempted use of government agencies to harm political opponents. It also involved a cover-up of conduct. There were about 40 people charged with crimes in the scandal and related crimes. Most of them were convicted by juries or pleaded guilty. Watergate involved more high-level government officials than any previous scandal. It led to the conviction of former Attorney General John Mitchell and two of Nixon's top aides, John Erlichmen and H.R. Haldeman, in 1975. Former Secretary of Commerce Maurice H. Stans, a leader of Nixon's reelection campaign pleaded guilty to Watergate criminal charges and was fined $5000. Watergate also resulted in the resignation of Atto rney General Richard Kleindienst in 1973. The Beginning Watergate really began in 1969 when the White House staff made up a list of enemies. This so-called enemies list was kept of people the president's men wanted retribution on. Nixon had adversaries which included 200 liberal politicians, journalists, and actors. When people made public speeches against Vietnam, agents found out secret information about them that would harm them. The Nixon campaign routinely engaged in unethical dirty tricks. These deceptions were led by White House staffers Charles Colson, Special Counsel to the President; Deputy Campaign Director of the Committee to Re-elect the President (CRP) Jeb Magruder; Dwight Chapin, Deputy Assistant to the President; and Donald Segretti, an attorney. These corrupt antics included following Democratic political candidates, assembling reports on their personal lives, forged letters on candidates' letterheads, altering schedules of campaign appearances, placing harassing ph one calls, and manufacturing false information then leaking it to the press. The goal of these tricks was to help eliminate the strongest candidates from the Democratic primaries. In New Hampshire the campaign of front runner, Senator Edmund Muskie of Maine was ruined. False rumors were circulated to newspapers. The day before election s Muskie lashed out at the press. This damaged Muskie's even-tempered reputation and contributed to his failure to win the 1972 Democratic nomination for the president. Special Investigations Unit The Special Investigations Unit, better known as the plumbers unit, was created as a result of the Pentagon Papers being leaked to the New York Times in June of 1971. The Pentagon Papers were secret defense department documents on the American involvement in the Vietnam War. They revealed a pattern of government deception related to Vietnam. The Papers were leaked to the New York Times by Dr. Daniel Ellsberg, who worked on the staff of the National Security Adviser, Henry Kissinger. The Nixon administration responded by stopping publication of the papers and charging Ellsberg with espionage. The plumbers were to block news leaks and control public knowledge of Vietnam policy. President Richard Nixon ordered domestic policy advisor, John Erlichman, to streamline leak plugging by creating this plumbers unit. Erlichman's deputy, Egil Krogh, Jr. and David Young, a member of the National Security Council staff, hired former FBI agent G. Gordon Liddy and former CIA operative E. Howard Hunt to run their illegal secret operation. Plumbers set wiretaps, opened mail, and conducted break-ins in order to gain information about leaking. They targeted political enemies of the Nixon administration for harassment. Ellsberg was at the top of that list. In September of 1971, the plumbers unit broke into the office of Dr. Lewis Fielding, Ellsberg's psychiatrist. They wanted to find degrading information about Ellsberg before his espionage trial. The case against Ellsberg was dismissed because of this burglary. The Break-In On June 17, 1972, five men were arrested for breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate complex in Washington, D.C. The men were adjusting electronic equipment that they had installed in May. The police apprehended a walkie talkie, forty rolls of unexposed film, two 35 millimeter cameras, lock picks, pen-sized teargas guns, and bugging devices. Four of the men who were arrested came from Miami, Florida. They were Bernard Barker, Frank Sturgis, Virgillio Gonzalez, and Eugenio Martinez. The other man was James McCord,

Clown Program Development in Hospitals

Clown Program Development in Hospitals Issues associated with the development of clowns Most of the children tend to shy away from the hospitals because of its frightening nature and experiences. The hospital presents a place away from home for the child with no familiar family members around. The environment is always strange with smell and noise and this creates some fear of the new and unknown to the child.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Clown Program Development in Hospitals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the development of clown program tends to alleviate child’s fear of being within the confines of a hospital by making them feel at ease. This kind of freedom has a positive impact on the child’s healing process since it provides an effective distraction from the pains of illness (Joseph, 2002). Therapeutic Clown change the child’s experiences in hospitals by offering good substitute to the needles and painful processe s. It provides the patient with the opportunity to have fun which is natural and normal to the children. Therapeutic clown offers the children emotional comfort by being the child’s playmate or a friend (Source Direct, 2004). This makes the clowning program in hospitals to be an effective therapy to certain illness since it forms a vital part during recovery process. The process is made possible through the subtle humour that goes with it helping in pain alleviation; this therefore makes it be accepted as one of the rehabilitation treatments to children (Cino, 2010). Clown program provide an immediate special kind of treatment through fun and laughter which has physiological and psychological benefits. This helps the children to feel more comfortable with the medical procedures and emergency cases. There are cases whereby some children, young people and even young adults fear interacting with the clowns. This might be because of unfamiliarity they have with the Clown’s make- up and costuming, other cases can be attributed to insensitivity and unskilled clowns. This can also be aroused by the fear of the evil clowns usually given wide coverage through the media. Therapeutic clowns must learn on how to approach patients professionally to avoid negative responses from the children and others (Koller and Gryski, 2007). Cost and Benefits of clown program Growing research has revealed that the use of clown program has significant benefits for medical treatment as well as the maintenance of health care systems since it reduces the use of pharmaceuticals. This ensures that the high costs involved in the use of drugs and the complications that may accompany it are minimized. The clown program also acts as substitute to ease the tension and fear that a child may undergo during certain medical processes. Besides the patients, clown program is also beneficial to the health care workers since it improves their working conditions (Koller and Gryski, 2007). The re is faster growth on the costs of Pharmaceuticals of all kinds; this has contributed to the increase in healthcare costs in most countries. The clown program hence, provides the best alternative for the reduction on the use of these hence controlling the health care costs (Koller and Gryski, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Implementing the program in healthcare organization Research has revealed that the use of Arts-based programs and activities alongside creative Arts Therapies has produced effective results when used as tools for improvement of health. These programs have proved to lower the costs of health care and even contribute towards sustainability of health care systems. The use of clowns has tremendously contributed to the health of individuals and community at large (Arts and Health Network, 2010). The research done in the health care organization has co nsistently cited the importance of implementing psychosocial care within the children’s health care unit (Oremland and Oremland, 2000). It has been noted that play in children protects the child against developmental delays including emotional maturity (Pederson, 1995, pp. 365-375; Vessey et al, 1994, 369-381). This makes it vital for the healthcare organizations to implement hospital play programs that assist in psychosocial care. The clown program presents the children with opportunity to interact and get thoroughly involved in plays (Koller and Gryski, 2007). References Arts and Health Network. (2010). Arts for the health of it, and the Joy of it. Retrieved from healtharts.org/ Cino, L. (2010). The Therapeutic Clown Program. Retrieved from sickkids.ca/ Joseph, M. (2002). Therapeutic Clowning: Healing connection through play.  Credit Valley Hospital 20 (5), 4. Koller, D. and Gryski, C. (2007). The life Threatened Child and the Enhancing Clown. RetrievedAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Clown Program Development in Hospitals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Oremland, E., Oremland, D. (2000). Protecting the Emotional Development of the  Child. The Essence of the Child Life Profession. Madison (CT): Psychosocial Press. Pederson, C. (1995). Effect of imagery on childrens pain and anxiety during cardiac catheterization. J Pediatr Nurs: Nurs Care Children Families, 10:365–75. Source direct. (2004). Source of Unique fine food and beverage products. Web. Vessey, J., Carlson, K. and McGill J. (1994). Use of distraction with children during an acute pain experience. Nurs Res; Vol. 43:369–81.

How to find out what you’re worth at work

How to find out what you’re worth at work Have you ever had the suspicion that you’re not being paid exactly what you’re worth? A lot of people have, but how can you know for sure? How can you assign a dollar amount to your value? Is it even possible? The short answer is â€Å"yes.† Here are a few tips for figuring out your magic number- or at least a figure close to what you should be making at your current position.Research using several sources.Googling is usually your first step in solving almost any conundrum, and answering the question of â€Å"How much am I worth?† is no different. Start by searching sites like Payscale.com, Salary.com, Glassdoor.com, or even the Bureau of Labor Statistics. On these sites you will probably find wide ranges in figures, so you’ll have to factor in where you might fit within those ranges. Where you fall on any given position’s salary range is going to be determined by a bunch of factors unique to you, such as your job experience and education. Th e more experienced you are, the more advanced certification you have, the more likely you will be to end up higher on the salary range.As you can probably tell, Googling probably won’t turn up a definitive answer to your question, but it is a good starting place to see if you’re in the ballpark of what you should be earning.Know that location matters.Your geographical location is another big factor when it comes to how much you should be earning. Check local salary statistics on the Bureau of Labor Statistics site to get a sense of the average pay for your area. The results will be very different in a small town as opposed to a big city. For example, according to Payscale.com, the average salary in New York, New York, is $69,115 while the average salary in Binghamton, New York, is only $44,275.Consider your resume.How many responsibilities do you have? Are you doing the work of two or three people? Is your workload equal to your assumed pay grade? Have you been rewarde d for any of your efforts or achieved anything or contributed anything noteworthy to your company? Answering these little questions will help you answer the big one. The more bullet pointed accomplishments you have, the better your case when asking for a raise toward the higher end of your earning spectrum.Talk to people.When appropriate, you can ask other people in your field how much they’re making. Don’t necessarily inquire directly, as direct salary talk is still considered an etiquette breach. But do consider asking for their advice or feedback on what a fair compensation package might be considering your personal details. Some people will probably be happy to help and even willing to share their own specific numbers.Ask recruiters.Recruiters are a great resource for concrete information on what similar positions pay. They can also provide valuable insight into how well particular companies pay compared to other companies in your field.Plan for the future.Don†™t get nearsighted about your current position or think only in terms of your current annual salary. Think about growth opportunities, the potential for your position to evolve, and the trajectory of your career once you’ve paid your dues at a lower level. If you’re at the lower end of earning for your career right now, just make sure you’re doing all you can to set yourself up for promotions into the upper levels. If you have a goal in mind, you can structure your career to reach it.

Comment on the article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comment on the article - Essay Example In this case, you should not have included the semi colon within the sentence because it does not fit there. You have also some sentence structure mistakes, which you need to correct. For example, you state, â€Å"They decide to both die if the game expects only one winner† (Alajmi 4). Here, you have added the word ‘both’ unnecessarily. You should have written ‘both of them’ instead of ‘they decided to both’. Moreover, you have also made some unnecessary word inclusion mistakes. For example, you state, â€Å"Therefore, despite the strength and better position in which the opponents of Katniss are in† (Alajmi 4). In this sentence, you did not need to include the word ‘in’ at the end of the sentence. Next, you did not introduce the friends of Katniss properly. For example, you just wrote about the kind of care that Katniss gave to Peeta. You did not introduce her at all. Repetition of ideas is another problem that I have found in you paper. For example, you talked about Katniss as a celebrity in paragraph no. 7, as well as in paragraph no. 9. Both paragraphs presented the same idea. You should avoid this in future. You have also made an error in the header section. There should be three spaces between the surname and the page number in the header. You have included only one space. You also need to correct your in-text references. Writing in MLA style, you need to indent the entire quote one inch from the left margin if the total number of words exceed from 40. You did not do this. Moreover, if you write in MLA style, there should be no comma between the last name of the author and the page number. For example, you wrote â€Å"†¦.† (Collins, 135). It should be â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Collins 135). Another thing is that you needed to include 5 direct quotes from the text. You have included just 4. You also need to correct the format of your reference, which you have included in the works cited section. You need to

Kindle Fire Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kindle Fire - Research Paper Example The decisions made by consumers are affected by this behavior and this is the reason why Kindle Fire will be marketed successfully under the behavioral segment. This approach has increased the Kindle fire sales made over the years. The rocketing sales are also controlled by the demand and supply forces such that when demand on Kindle Fire declines, the Amazon’s sales are drastically affected. Evaluation Under the behavioral approach of segmentation, the customers will be divided under various segments. Consumers will be evaluated based on their usage rate, the benefits gained, loyalty and occasion in which they use Kindle Fire. There are various ways of growing a business. The first method is as aforementioned; to attract new customers and the second way is to retain the already existing customers. For Kindle Fire to continue existing in the market, Amazon has to maintain a strong customer base (Cheshire, 2012). This is only through customer dependability. Customer loyalty is targeted as one of the behavioral approaches of consumers. The strategies applied to maintain the Kindle Fire’s loyal customers are different from those that are used in attracting new customers. Customer loyalty is hence one of the techniques of determining customers under the behavioral segmentation. ... It will be easier to identify the customer who needs change the product more often than one who does not use one so often. The other way in which Kindle buyers can be segmented according to their behavior is by identifying those who buy on occasions. Freytag and Clarke’s (2001) argument is that buying on occasion is under behavioral segmentation because the customer is likely to target the holidays and festivities when companies come up with offers at discounted prices. Such a customer base may be large since most people tend to save a lot of money for their holidays and festivities. Segmenting the Kindle Fire customer according to the benefits he or she gains is also another way of evaluating the customer’s behavior towards the product. While Kindle’s competitors, such as Google Nexus and the laptops, have their own benefits, some customers may still look for the benefits they gain from Kindle Fire tablets that they cannot get from its competitors. One of the be nefits attained from the Kindle Fire tablet and not laptops is that it is easier to transport the Kindle from one point to the other as compared to laptops. A laptop is heavier as compared to the tablet. The Kindle tablet is also beneficial to clients who are always online for business purposes or projects. The other advantage of Kindle Fire over other digital gadgets is that it easily usable in the education industry (Cheshire, 2012). This can be fused with good pricing, 24hr customer support and customization of devices for customers in order to be able to stay competitive in the market. This means using a break-up strategy where the prices are favorable as compared to other devices and being able to pack devices as per the specification of customers.

Pros And Cons Of Delegating Human Resources Management Essay

Pros And Cons Of Delegating Human Resources Management Essay A line manager is responsible for an employee or a work group who do not have any managerial responsibility. Some of the daily duties that a line manager undertakes are people management, dealing with customers/clients, monitoring work process, measuring operational performance, organising allocation and rotas and monitoring absenteeism. Although line managers play a vital role in bridging the top level management and the lower hierarchical staff on a daily basis, it is seen that most of the line managers, however, may not have formal management education because he/she is generally promoted from within. Due to the daily and frequent contacts between the line managers and the staff to whom he/she is responsible, it has been a more common practice to see the line managers undertaking several human resources responsibilities including recruiting and selection of employee the function otherwise used to be exclusively of the human resource department in the past. This is widely practiced lately mainly because of the fact that the line managers have a better understanding of the job that needs to be carried out in order to match the corporate strategy and operations strategy of the organisation. With the prevailing frequent communication between the line managers and the employees, it also contributes towards increased morale in the employees ensuring a higher productivity and competency of the employees and enhanced focus on customers. Since most of the line managers do not have formal management education, they might not be fully reliant on the managerial tasks that they perform and hence they have drawback in their undertaking of human resources tasks although they have added value to the human resources professionals by allowing them to invest their time on more strategic issues. Pros and Cons of Delegating Human Resources roles to Line Managers Cons Increased speed of decision making Line management responsibility for people issues Local management accountability Potential cost savings Strategic role for central HR/IR Short lines of communication Lack of time to perform HR duties Increase in line managers workload Additional costs of training managers Increase in grievances/tribunal cases Potential for HR/IR to be marginalized People management not considered to be part of the line managers job Pros: Increased speed of decision making: Line management responsibility for people issues Local management accountability Potential cost savings Strategic role for central HR Short lines of communication B. Cons: Lack of time to perform Human Resources duties Increase in line managers workload Additional cost of training line managers Increase in grievance/tribunal case Potential for HR to be marginalised People management not considered to be line managers job The people and performance research carried out for the Chartered Institute of Personnel Development (CIPD) by a team at Bath University (Hutchinson, 2003) found that the line managers played a vital role in terms of implementing and enacting HR policies and practices. They found that where employees feel positive about their relationship with their line managers they are more likely to have higher levels of job satisfaction, commitment and loyalty which are associated with higher levels of performance or discretionary behaviour. Discretionary behaviour is defined as that which goes beyond the requirement of the job to give extra performance which can boost the bottom line. Line managers also play the strongest part in structuring peoples actual experience of doing a job. According to an online survey of 121 organisations, collectively employing almost a quarter of a million people, shows that four in five (80.2%) organisations have devolved responsibilities such as managing flexible working requests and handling grievance and disciplinary procedures to line managers over the past few years. And two in three predict the role of line managers will take on even more HR functions over the next few years. (Williams, 2008) Also, another interesting finding was that the line managers claimed to be satisfied with the HR responsibilities that have been devolved to them and are keen to take on activities that relate explicitly to the development of their team. Most line managers report working closely with their HR counterparts and see the configuration moving towards a partnership. The line managers main concern is that a lack of support from HR during the delivery of the service can detract from the overall effectiveness. They also note that junior level line managers are likely to feel less supported by HR and comment that it is merely their high level position that drives the HR-line partnership in their situations. (Susan Whittaker, 2003). The role of line managers in both public and private organisations has changed quite significantly in recent years. The line managers have been allocated more responsibilities and are accountable not only for budgeting and allocating of resources, but most importantly for people management issues as per Hoogenboorn Brewster (1992.). According to some sources such as Storey (1992: 190), he argues that line managers may well be playing a far more central role in labour management than HR personnel. Whereas another source, Hales (2005) traces the greater involvement of line managers in HR issues to two developments. He argues that the line managers have been taking on the role of a coach , conductor or a leader of a highly motivated team as a result of the spread of Human Resource Management and the adoption of more participative forms of management concerned with securing high performance through commitment rather than control. Human Resource Devolvement has led to line managers acquiring middle management functions and becoming mini-general managers accompanied by the loss of supervisory functions downwards to work teams. It is hence more appropriate for line managers to take responsibility for people development since they operate alongside the people they manage and therefore it is argued that that their reactions are more immediate and appropriate (Whittaker and Marchington, 2003). Initial research indicates some positive support for line manager HR involvement. Hutchinson and Purcell (2003) found that line manager involvement in coaching, guidance and communication positively influences organisational performance. Likewise, a case study of line manager involvement in HR in the NHS by Currie and Proctor (2001) found that line managers are important contributors to strategic change when provided with discretion in implementing HR strategies within their own work groups. Whittaker and Marchington (2003) maintain that line managers increasingly welcome HR responsibilities and are prepared to take them on as they add variation and challenge to their work. Gibb (2003) argues that requiring line managers to be more involved in the HR issues may also lead to a transformation of managers own attitudes towards HR, organisational change and thus a transformation of human relations at work (Gibb, 2003). By increasing line manager involvement in HR, it is argued that better workplace conditions will result as line managers have better understanding than specialists of the type and range of interventions needed. In this pursuit, line managers are assisted by more effective and user-friendly human resource information systems, new technologies and Human Resource call centres, making it possible for line managers to handle some HR work without the assistance of Human Resource Department. It is seen that a speedy resolution of conflicts and lower rate of employee turnover is possible by moving Human Resources responsibilities closer to employees through line managers. Indeed, providing greater authority to line managers and encouraging greater initiative taking may address a long-standing criticism levelled at HR departments; namely a lack of appreciation of the immediacy of the line managers problems (Harris, L, Doughty, D. Kirk, S. (2002). According to Maxwell and Watson (2006), business partnerships between HR specialists and line managers have emerged as the dominant model for Human Resources operations within organisations. Similarly, Ulrich (2005) outlines the role of HR Strategic Partners as working alongside line managers to help them reach their goals by crafting strategies to maximise productivity through alignment of corporate resources to these goals. We can hence understand that devolving HR responsibilities to line managers offers a number of benefits to organisations. A greater freedom to HR specialists to engage with strategic issues is provided enabling them to forge closer relationships with line managers and a partnership model towards managing employees is developed. Similarly, line managers understand and appreciate the complex nature of dealing with the employee issues and become more encouraged and involved in everyday workplace management tasks. However, line managers have pointed various issues concerning HR involvement despite the above mentioned benefits of participating in HR activities. It will obviously increase their workload by getting involved in HR tasks. Increased workload leads to feelings of incompetence among line managers and reluctance to take responsibility for devolved HR activities. Indeed, this has led to feelings amongst some line managers of being dumped upon (Renwick 2003: 265) or pushed upon to take new HR responsibilities (Harris, L, Doughty, D. Kirk, S. (2002):) due to a climate of fear and mistrust driven by HR. The experience and ability of line managers to take responsibility for HR issues may present a major barrier to devolvement. Both Whittaker and Marchington (2003) and Hailey, V.H., Farndale, E. Truss, C. (2005) suggest that line managers skills and competence in HR practices may be limited and a lack of training in this area will undoubtedly affect a line managers overall effectiveness. I ncapability and misunderstanding of HR practices on the part of line managers will prevent the organisation from developing a strong learning culture (McCracken and Wallace, 2000) with McGovern et al. (1997) arguing that a lack of training may lead to inconsistencies in implementing organisational HR policies potentially exposing the organisation to lawsuits and employment tribunals. Their research though, indicates that management development is not a priority for the top management and reliance on the notion of trial-and-error is prevalent in organisations. Furthermore, the failure of organisations to take a long-term developmental view is exposed by a reluctance to set aside a specific budget for training and the belief that management development is the individuals responsibility. Many line managers get under pressure to meet operational targets, and often struggle to fulfil their people management duties. This is partly because they are not equipped with the tools, skills and knowledge they need to be effective. As a result, managers sometimes effectively abdicate responsibility for aspects of people management. A commonly used phrase is thats HRs job often tends to be heard a lot in many companies whether relating to employee development, managing an individuals performance or dealing with absenteeism issues. Recent research involving nearly 3,000 employers by the Work Foundation and the Institute for Employment Studies found that organisations with a comprehensive, structured approach to people management, covering areas such as recruitment, development plans and employee appraisals, perform better than those without, as indicated by higher profits per employee, higher profit margins and ultimately higher productivity. Sometimes its easy to be critical of managers, but often theyre not properly equipped to be effective. Investment in management training requires clearly set-down policies and procedures. There appears to be lack of clear guidance and easily accessible information, its not surprising that many line managers response when an issue arises is either to pick up the phone to HR or to ignore the problem and hope it would goes away or transfer responsibility to someone else. It is interesting but to be fair to line managers, sometimes part of the problem may also lie with the HR department itself. For all the talk about wanting to devolve more responsibility to the line, in practice HR professionals are sometimes reluctant to trust line managers to manage. They are unwilling to give managers the tools and information they need to do the job effectively: after all, knowledge is power, and by being the gatekeepers of all information relating to employees, policies and processes, HR may feel that it has power. This is clearly not in the long-term interests of the HR function. HR teams must realise that if they are to fulfil their potential and be true partners to the business, then they need to trust their managers with the day-today stuff. This doesnt mean being unsupportive but continued support to line managers to assist them with responsibility for the way that people are managed. It does mean defining strategies and policies and then putting in place the frameworks and the systems that enable managers to take accountability for the day-to-day execution but in a controlled, informed and effective way. Line managers must aim to be more accountable whereas HR professionals being more strategic could assist when working together. Better solutions are needed to support key people management processes and its likely that intelligent use of technology is likely to represent at least part of the answer. Technology-based services offer organisations the potential to give much greater support to their line managers, but in a highly cost-effective way. Line managers can be given tools to walk them through common processes, access to comprehensive information about their employees, guidance on how to manage effectively, and prompts when tasks or actions are due all accessed via a single web-based service. In view of the above, making line managers responsible for the delivery of HR can be complex. Line managers may not possess the required skills needed to implement HR initiatives and may feel ill-equipped or insufficiently trained to accept responsibility for day-to-day HR tasks. Devolving HR responsibilities may also represent a lack of appreciation of the workloads, time pressures and overall priorities of line managers threatening the overall standards of HR delivery across the organisation and diminishing the value of HR. It is found that getting line managers involved in HR tasks is a step towards achieving a more strategic, value-added approach to managing employees. Line managers play an important position in the organisational hierarchy and can directly affect the quality of front-line services. It will greatly increase the existing pressures of excess workload and the need to deliver on short-term priorities by devolving line managers with HR responsibilities. It will also mean the requirement of display of a higher level of HR competency by the line managers which calls for the need for high-quality training programmes for line managers to ensure that they feel confident in discharging their new HR responsibilities. Such training may help organisations avoid costly litigation and damage to their public reputation. Therefore, HR professionals must engage with line managers and develop a partnership to bring about a speedier resolution to workplace conflicts by allowing line managers to seek guidance and advice whenever required thereby making line managers more responsible for HR.

Examine the Reasons Why Some Sociologists Choose Not to Use Experiments When Conducting Research

Examine the reasons why some sociologists choose not to use experiments when conducting research One of the main reasons why many sociologists choose not to use laboratory experiments for research is one of impracticality; the absolute control of conditions required for a lab experiment is nigh impossible to achieve in fields of sociology, as that level of control over variables would require a completely artificial environment which would require an inordinate amount of money and resources to construct effectively.If an experiment took place in an environment less controlled than this, then even identification of all the relevant variables would be ridiculously difficult, and manipulation of variables to study a behavioural reaction completely impossible. Even assuming that it is possible to create a controlled environment for sociological experiments, there are still many practical issues with experimental methods.Firstly there is no possible way for experiments to research past so cial trends, which immediately reduces the range of data available to a sociologist, for instance it would be impossible to try and find changes in society through experimental methods unless a sociologist replicated exactly a social experiment conducted in the past to compare the data.Secondly, again assuming a laboratory environment has been constructed for sociology, this could only be used to study a limited sample and therefore would not create very reliable data, and so would not be easily generalisable, which then appears to defeat the point of using a laboratory experiment.Finally it is argued that the artificial environment of an experiment would provoke the â€Å"Hawthorne Effect†, in which a person with knowledge of their observation modifies their behaviour, in an attempt to second guess what the observer expects or wants them to do, which would not give very valid data and also, as only some people would succumb to this effect, would also not give very reliable d ata. An apparent solution to this would be observing people without their knowledge, however this causes a lot of ethical issues; a general principle of sociological research is that a person must give their informed consent to be studied.Informed consent can be difficult to obtain with certain groups, for example children, as this would also require their parent or guardian to give consent, making obtaining data even more difficult and time consuming. Misleading people as to the nature of the research is therefore also considered wrong, as it violates the principle of informed consent. Finally, social theory and perspective means that interpretevist sociologists will not regard experiments as valid. A laboratory approach is possibly the most scientific of all sociological research methods, and therefore the one that interpretevists would argue to be the least valid.A key element of interpretevist theory is that human behaviour is not a simple matter of cause and effect, as humans h ave a wide variety of emotions, moral values and choices, and therefore attempting to use a small sample to generalise about society is not possible, as every person is different and will react differently to circumstances. As interpretevists are fundamentally concerned with validity of research, their ideal research methods will take place in the actual areas and situations in which people reside, as opposed to an attempt to reconstruct these with a far more limited range of variables.

The Difference Between Fellowships and Scholarships

You may have heard other students talk about applying for a scholarship or a fellowship and wondered what the difference is between the two. Scholarships and fellowships are forms of financial aid, but they arent exactly the same thing. In this article, well explore the difference between fellowships and scholarships so that you can learn what each type of aid means for you. Scholarships Defined A scholarship is a type of funding that can be applied to educational costs, such as tuition, books, fees, etc. Scholarships are also known as grants or financial aid. There are many different types of scholarships. Some are awarded based on financial need, while others are awarded based on merit. You can also receive scholarships from random drawings, membership in a particular organization, or through a contest (such as an essay competition). A scholarship is a desirable form of financial aid because it does not have to be paid back like a student loan. The amounts awarded to a student through a scholarship could be as little as $100 or as high as $120,000 on up. Some scholarships are renewable, which means that you can use the scholarship to pay for your first year of undergraduate school and then renew it in your second year, third year, and fourth year. Scholarships are available for undergraduate and graduate level study, but scholarships are typically more plentiful for undergraduate students. Scholarship Example The National Merit Scholarship is an example of a well-known, longstanding scholarship for students seeking an undergraduate degree. Each year, the National Merit Scholarship Program awards scholarships worth $2,500 each to thousands of high school students who achieve exceptionally high scores on the Preliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test (PSAT/NMSQT). Each $2,500 scholarship is issued through a single one-time payment, meaning the scholarship cannot be renewed each year. Another example of a scholarship is the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation College Scholarship. This scholarship is awarded to high school students with financial need and a record of academic achievement. Scholarship winners receive up to $40,000 per year to put towards tuition, living expenses, books, and required fees. This scholarship can be renewed each year for up to four years, making the entire award worth up to $120,000. Fellowships Defined Like a scholarship, a fellowship is also a type of grant that can be applied to educational costs such as tuition, books, fees, etc. It does not need to be paid back like a student loan.  These awards are usually geared toward students who are earning a masters degree or doctorate degree. Although many fellowships include a tuition stipend, some of them are designed to fund a research project. Fellowships are sometimes available for pre-baccalaureate research projects but are more commonly available to graduate-level students who are performing some form of post-baccalaureate research. Service commitments, such as a commitment to complete a particular project, teach other students, or participate in an internship, may be required as part of the fellowship. These service commitments may be required for a specific period of time, such as six months, one year, or two years. Some fellowships are renewable. Unlike scholarships, fellowships are not usually need-based. They are also rarely awarded at random to contest winners. Fellowships are typically merit-based, which means you must demonstrate some form of achievement in your chosen field, or at the very least, demonstrate potential to achieve or do something impressive in your field. Fellowship Example The Paul and Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans is a fellowship program for immigrants and children of immigrants who are earning a graduate degree in the United States. The fellowship covers 50 percent of tuition and includes a $25,000 stipend. Thirty fellowships are awarded each year. This fellowship program is merit-based, meaning that applicants must be able to demonstrate a commitment to, or at least a capacity for, accomplishment and contributions  in their field of study. Another example of a fellowship is the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration Stewardship Science Graduate Fellowship (DOE NNSA SSGF). This fellowship program is for students who are seeking a Ph.D. in science and engineering fields. Fellows receive full tuition for their chosen program, a $36,000 yearly stipend, and an annual $1,000 academic allowance. They must participate in a fellowship conference in the summer and a 12-week  research practicum  at one of DOEs national defense laboratories. This fellowship can be renewed annually for up to four years. Applying for Scholarships and Fellowships Most scholarship and fellowship programs have an application deadline, which means that you must apply by a certain date to be eligible. These deadlines vary by program. However, you typically apply for a scholarship or fellowship the year before you need it or in the same year that you need it. Some scholarship and fellowship programs also have additional eligibility requirements. For example, you may need a GPA of at least 3.0 to apply or you may be required to be a member of a particular organization or demographic to be eligible for the award. No matter what the program requirements are, it is important to follow all of the rules when submitting your application to increase your chances of success. It is also important to remember that many scholarship and fellowship competitions are competitive—there are a lot of people who want free money for school—so you should always take your time to put your best foot forward and submit an application that you can be proud of. For example, if you have to submit an essay as part of the application process, make sure that the essay reflects your best work. Tax Implications of Fellowships and Scholarships There are tax implications that you should be aware of when accepting a fellowship or scholarship in the United States. The amounts that you receive may be tax-free or you may be required to report them as taxable income. A fellowship or scholarship is tax-free if you will be using the money you receive to pay for required tuition, fees, books, supplies, and equipment for courses at an academic institution where youre a candidate for a degree. The academic institution you are attending must conduct regular educational activities and have a faculty, curriculum, and body of students. In other words, it has to be a real school. A fellowship or scholarship is considered taxable income and must be reported as part of your gross income if the money you receive is used to pay for incidental expenses not required by the courses you need to take to earn your degree. Examples of incidental expenses include travel or commuting expenses, room and board, and optional equipment (i.e., materials that are not required to complete the necessary courses). A fellowship or scholarship is also considered taxable income if the money you receive serves as a payment for research, teaching, or other services that you must perform in order to receive the scholarship or fellowship. For example, if you are given a fellowship as payment for your teaching one or more courses at the school, the fellowship is considered income and must be claimed as income.

Ethical Case Study Of The Case Of James A 25 Years Old...

Ethical Case Study Analysis Paper In the case study of James a 25 years old Caucasian male intern counseling student, who is interning with the college counseling center at a local university, James have nine months left upon graduation; he admits to having no clinical experience and no experience working with diversity groups. During James internship arrival he recognized a familiar face that was identified as his ex-friend who he has not seen in years and she is the clinical supervisor for the internship site (Argosy, 2015). Ethical dilemmas presented in the case study In this scenario the ethical dilemmas took place when James suggest to his clinical supervisor to put her credential as a licensed professional counselor after his name since she is supervising him. James feels comfortable with this idea because he will be a graduate within nine months from now. James and the clinical supervisor violated ACA code of ethics C.4.a. Accurate Representation, this code of ethics states counselors supposed to claim only professional qualifications actually completed. James is misrepresenting his qualifications because he claims to be a licensed professional counselor rather than an internship student counselor (Argosy, 2015) (ACA, 2014). The clinical supervisor violated ACA code of ethics F.4. Supervisor Responsibilities F.4.c. Standards for Supervisees it’s the supervisor responsibilities to make their supervisees or trainees aware of the practice professional andShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute toRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY